Insulin Syringe. What is this?

Easy Touch Insulin Syringe

According to international estimates, more than four percent of the adult population suffers from a disease called diabetes. Despite the “dessert” concept, this disease is a huge problem for the sick person. Scientists have shown that diabetes can be inherited. But do not worry if your family has or had this kind of patients. Diabetes is not a viral disease. In addition, they cannot get, because the disease does not cause the bacteria. Patients with diabetes are constantly in need of medication. This is called insulin. The fact is that in diabetes in the blood does not have enough of this hormone. As a result, the sugar is simply not processed in the body of the patient, why can develop thrombosis and so on. Insulin – the hormone of the pancreas. It is of great importance in the daily work of the organs and systems of man. If it is not a man or a woman forced to comply with a special diet and administered daily dose of insulin. This can be done by special needle, which will be discussed later in this article.

Insulin syringe consists of a special body, the needle and plunger. In fact, this kind of arrangement is not much different from typical medical syringe. The only thing, it is much less. Nowadays people are increasingly using more modern syringes. For example, insulin pen. The difference is the following. This pen is, above all, from the so-called insulin cartridges, which are often referred to as cartridge or cartridge. The structure of such a syringe needle and also includes a special mechanism which makes piston operate automatically. Insulin pen in working order must be stored in specially its case. Recap the needle. Generally this type of insulin syringe containing a specific dose of the hormone. There are pens, a dose of which 0.5 units or, for example, one Unit.

Of course, to use a syringe pen is much more convenient. When compared with an ordinary syringe, perform the procedure and enter the injection with her man can own. In addition, due to the special mechanism, needle done quickly. One has only to click on the correct button. We should not forget that a pen injections less painful. This is because the insulin pen is very short and thin needle. It is comfortable to wear, because the case does not take much space in your bag or pocket. This reusable syringe. This is another plus. The most well-known manufacturers such “handles” are now considered “Plivapen” and “Humapen.”

Insulin pen must have a special window, which will be marked on the scale. With this sick person can continue to fairly easy to control insulin, setting just the right amount that you want specifically to him. As for the so-called replacement cartridges in the syringe, it will not take long. People will be able to change the cartridge in two minutes.

Insulin pen can be purchased at any pharmacy. It should be noted that these devices have become popular all over the world. Use the pen at any time. No need to spend a lot of your precious time to prepare the syringe handling the injection site, and the like. The cost depends on the type of pen manufacturer, the amount of shells and other items. Set your body needs insulin only with professional on the basis of special blood tests. Hurry to the doctor, listen to his advice and take care of your health!

Leukemia Virus in Cats.

Feline Leukemia Virus (WFC, FeLV, or from the English. Feline leukemia virus) – this is a well-known killer. FeLV weakens the immune system and also has a direct impact on the development of cancer in infected cats. This disease is considered the most dangerous infection in cats, resulting in death.
Although there is a vaccine against this deadly disease, they do not always give a positive result. As in the case of FIV, the best way to protect your cat from leukemia – to do the appropriate tests and to protect it from infected animals. Ideally, this means to keep her indoors only, one or the other, also non-infected cats.
Do tests to all new cats or kittens before bringing them into his house, where there are other cats. (Prior to vaccinate an animal, at first he in any case, do an analysis on the FeLV.) Your cats should also make the tests again after they have been in contact with potential carriers of FeLV, especially if your cat is bitten. Symptoms vary FeLV, so sick cat should be tested for FeLV. Cats walking on the street, or those who have been in contact with potential carriers of FeLV, testing should be done annually.
Most vets do a combined analysis for FIV and FeLV, which allows to determine the presence of both of these viral diseases with one blood sampling.
FeLV – this is very serious. Do not allow yourself to succumb to self-pity and take home a cat, she is not making pre-analysis on FeLV, especially if you are already living in the house of other cats. By doing so, you may be putting at risk the lives of their pet cats. But if it did happen and you find that allowed their contact with domestic cats FeLV-infected animals, do not panic. Isolate from infected their cats and take them to tests in accordance with the instructions of a veterinarian. After a contact transmission can not occur. Sometimes it takes a long time and repeated contact. So hope for the best and avoid further contact.
But what if analysis on your cat has FeLV was positive? The first thing you must understand that being a carrier of the virus does not mean to be sick. Some, in other respects healthy cats with a positive response to FeLV, live for months or even years without any symptoms of the disease. If an infected cat is the only thing your pet, the following guidelines. First, do not let her out, she was unable to infect other cats, as well as pick up any infections from them. Second, spend all the necessary preventive measures, the cat is not sick with something else, and collaborate with your veterinarian to diagnose and cure time associated with any FeLV disease that can develop in cats.
Most often the disease occurs in the form of lymphosarcoma, in particular the thymus. At the same time by progressive atrophy of the thymus and increases immunosuppression, neutropenia is detected. Sometimes the disease is in the form of myeloid leukemia. Sick cats are particularly susceptible to the virus to others, as well as to bacterial and fungal infections.
Symptoms. Cat exhausted, say fever, anorexia, lethargy, pallor of mucous membranes, glossitis, stomatitis, frequent breast cancer, glomerulonephritis, skin disease (demodicosis, sarcoptic mange), secondary infection. Signs of immune deficiency anemia, decreased hematocrit, atrophy of the thymus, and lymph nodes.

There are several options of the disease:
approximately 30% of the body produces antibodies, and the animal overcomes the viral infection;
40% of asymptomatic carriage is possible FeLV – these cats are the most dangerous source of infection of other cats, but eventually most of them due to the progressive destruction of immune system is developing one of the diseases peculiar to leukemia virus;
30% – a viral infection leads to severe neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid organs (lymphoma, lymphosarcoma).
In the diagnosis of particular importance is the identification of serum viral antigen p27 by using solid-phase enzyme immunoassay method (ELISA) and immunofluorescence analysis. According to recent data, a crucial role in determining the outcome of FeLV-infection in vaccinated cats or animals recovering from illness, acquired in a natural way to play a FeLV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
In contrast to FIV, FeLV virus can be defeated by the immune system of many cats. It is therefore important in two to three months after receiving (and confirmation) of a positive analysis for FeLV do retested.

Does Your Cat Healthy?

Health of the cats, their growth and development, and hence the ability to please their owners affection, cheerfulness depends on us. In city apartments, cats have sometimes sweet, and if the summer village, the cottage, the longing for freedom can be manifested in a small space is enough room keenly felt: will be irritability, nervousness, and after that await her various ailments.

The conditions of housing, feeding, depends a great deal of attention. The owners need to know the physiology. animals – in fact a violation of fundamental rules of treatment (iznezhivanie excessive, indiscriminate feeding, and so becomes the cause of many internal hosts non-communicable inattention can lead to poisoning by various chemicals, which are many. Care should be taken to ensure that these substances were stored in inaccessible places for pets , cats have a value, and the purity of the air density is placed in the animal itself (it should be to wean the cat stain soft furnishings and bed and climb on the table in the closet, etc.)

How could still determine that the cat is unwell. After all, if a person feels unwell or pain, he complains about his condition, and hasten to the doctor. A cat? And they complain, though, unfortunately, we do not always understand them, and therefore appeal to the vet too late. How to recognize the disease, have a cat first aid?

Diagnose and treat our four-legged is not easy, but it is quite possible. Hosts cats need to know how and when to give them first aid, in which cases should be isolated from other infected animals like him, and, possibly, from the people.

A healthy cat  mobile, cheerful, calm. She has a good appetite, even breathing, wet and cold nose (nasal mirror), normal body temperature (38-39 ° C) and heart rate (110-130 beats per minute), the acts of defecation and urination are regular.

Sick cats become lethargic, irritable, did not respond to the name, hide in the nooks, prefer to lie down. The nose is dry and often hot, watery eyes, appetite is reduced or absent, dull coat, you may experience coughing, wheezing, diarrhea or constipation, vomiting, increased thirst. Depending on the nature of the disease there are significant variations of the above symptoms.

It has long been observed that cats themselves licking their wounds. It is not surprising, since in their saliva has a special ingredient – lysozyme, under the action of which the wound is cleaned of harmful microbes and faster healing. For digestive disorders, wounds in the mouth and other diseases while walking cats seek out and eat them known only to the plants. Do not let this – the ability to self-medicate cats fixed genetically. All veterinary drugs, as well as other chemicals, keep out of reach of pets place.

Experts determine the health of the animal in their general appearance, and in addition, by examining the ears, eyes, coat, etc. In order to clarify the diagnosis of the important role played by laboratory studies (helminthological, bacteriological, etc.).

The examination and provision of veterinary care must first make a proper fixation of the animal – the so-called consolidation of the animal’s body or parts of it in a certain position – that ensure the safety of both cats and humans. Usually keeps the cat owner. Use different ways to fix that so that there was no adverse consequences (injury, etc.).

Known methods of using drugs:

inside – through the mouth provide a variety of powders, potions, pills, boluses, capsules, pills, solutions and emulsions;
intramuscularly administered to cats antibiotic solution, procaine, magnesium sulfate;
subcutaneously injected antibiotics and all solutions intended for injection, as well as vaccines and serums;
intravenous administration of drugs to cats is very difficult, so this method is used in extreme cases;
inhalation and physical therapy treatments;
external method using various ointments, compresses, solutions, etc.
Some medicines can make sick animals their owners. To do this, the cat must be recorded, and then using tweezers, wooden spoon or a hand put on the root of the tongue the right medicine.

Hot compress do so, a tissue soaked in drug substance is applied to the affected area, on top of parchment paper and put a cotton compress, and then tape up.

Choice and Design Aquarium

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CHOICE AQUARIUM

Fishbowl may seem attractive, but it is not very practical: it is difficult to clean the walls, it is more difficult to cover, in addition, curved glass distorts the picture of the underwater world. Preferably purchase a rectangular tank. The best ratio of length, width and height – 2:1:1. A small aquarium will require more attention, and the choice of fish and plants for him less. The larger the aquarium, the more stable it biological balance. The optimum solution for homes are aquariums from 50 to 150 liters.

Naturally, not all have the opportunity to acquire a large aquarium. But this does not mean that you have to completely give up the idea to have an aquarium. In this case you need to consider technical equipment as well as the area is limited and must leave enough room for fish and plants. The choice must be stopped at the aquarium-cast, because the seams, frames only accentuate a small volume. Of great importance is the thermal regime. The aquarium should be removed from all heat sources (batteries, electric fireplaces, etc.), and protected from direct sunlight. With regard to registration of the aquarium, it can be divided into two areas: design, using vegetation (live or artificial) and without it. For illumination of small aquariums is advisable to use table lamps (fluorescent or incandescent).

DESIGN AQUARIUM

In the tanks with a capacity of 20-30 liters more as a decoration you can use large snags or group of stones. As the soil is taken fine gravel (4-5 mm grain size), coarse sand. The thickness of the soil is usually in a small aquarium, 2-3 cm

When making a basic principle of the aquarium – a departure from symmetry. As for the selection of fish and plants, the small vessels is limited. You can recommend a low Echinodorus, Cryptocoryne, Anubias, from the stem – alternateru, rotalu, Bacopa, Ludwig, Vallisneria. You can land a Thai fern, Java moss, floating plants are quite appropriate – Ricci, Salvinia, duckweed. The main thing – consider planting so that the aquarium does not then looked overgrown. Group planting in a small tank is impractical. In a large aquarium tight fit alternates with free space, and in a small vessel, dense thickets create the impression of neglect. In addition, in the thickets of the lost fish can be lost, and before it, and will draw notice, may release waste products. Experienced aquarists are advised to proceed on the assumption that 4-5 liters of water a plant has one high and 2-3 low. When planting the largest plants are placed in such a way as to mask the filter and heater. Low plants are placed around the highest. If the tank is not supposed to plant the plants, then use a decorative element (grotto, a snag). As a rule, is only one.

Bite dog. Infection after a bite.

It is said that the dog – man’s best friend. However, there are many cases of dog attacks on people for various reasons: to protect themselves from mental disorders. The phenomenon of licking the wounds of animals, especially mammals, gave birth to the myth that their saliva has disinfectant properties.
However, each animal’s mouth – it is a warehouse of microbes, especially bacteria and fungi. Pure saliva actually has disinfectant properties due to its protein structure. Licking wounds is also a natural response of mammals. However, the saliva in the case of dog bite – it is pure poison for humans, because we have not developed immunity against bacteria and germs in the mouth of the existing dog, which immediately lead to the development of infection.

Dog Bite

The dog, though the animal socialized in our time, but deep down she is a wild animal and has many characteristics, physical and psychological, passed to her by her ancestors. The outstanding physical qualities of the dog, inherited from the canine community are an aggressive set of teeth, powerful jaws and way of thinking, based on the method of brute force, reporting to the killer instinct to protect itself and its owner from harm and danger. Thanks to these characteristics, the dog may cause serious harm to humans.

The muscles that control jaw dogs are able to exert enormous pressure. This pressure and the force capable of causing puncture wounds and lacerations on the skin, damage to blood vessels, muscles and even tendons. Lacerations after being bitten by a dog, as well as microbes that penetrate the body, making the consequences of dog bite is even more serious. In many cases, the germs that cause infection overpower the defense mechanism of the organism, ie, white blood cells. Use only disinfectants insufficient measure a wound from a dog bite must be properly treated.

Infection from the bite of dogs

Infection is usually spread of germs in the wound. Check out some kinds of bacteria that cause infections of wounds from the bite of the dogs.

• Staphylococcus
• Eykenella
• Klebsiella
• Moraksella
• Prevotella
• Fuzobakterii
• Kapnotsitofaga
• Pasteurella
• Streptococci
• Proteus
• Gemofilus
• Enterobacter
• Porfiromonas
• Bacteroides
• Corynebacterium
• Neisseria

Disinfectants used for first aid after being bitten by dogs, used to get rid of bacteria.However, not all disinfectants can kill the bacteria. Inflammation of the skin and release a whitish fluid – this is the first sign that the wound was infected. Another common symptom is a reddish rash around the bite. These symptoms usually occur within 8 hours after a dog bite. At this time, you need to go to the hospital.

Infection after a dog bite is even worse if a person is infected with rabies. The first sign of infection with rabies – a hallucination. They will be accompanied by severe headache, sweating and fever. These symptoms are very similar to regular flu symptoms. A person may also experience muscle spasms and an aversion to water. The best tool in this situation is to immediately wash the wound and call an ambulance or go immediately to the hospital.

Another common infection through the bite of a dog is tetanus. The signs of tetanus are muscle cramps and fever. Sepsis – blood poisoning, is another common infection after being bitten by a dog.

To avoid life-threatening infections, it is advisable to call an ambulance, and then wash the wound. Emergency medical personnel, examining the wound, immediately carry out the necessary vaccinations and medical treatment.

The use of veterinary medicine for metabolic disorders

Veterinary medicine – Under veterinary understand science, which studies health and various diseases of domestic animals. This science can prevent animal disease and improve their livelihoods in the environment. Animal health is directly dependent on living conditions, feeding, grooming, etc. Therefore, poor diet, lack of safe care is often the cause of various diseases of animals.

Malnutrition often leads to disruption of metabolic processes. Generally, veterinary clinic deals with diagnosis and further treatment of domestic animals. In the majority of pathological processes may occur offense related to metabolism. In addition to eating it affects water quality, environment and general health of individual animals. Especially such violations occur in cattle and poultry.

Metabolic disorder often associated with vitamin deficiency, which leads to different diseases. In medicine, a violation of release carbohydrate, mineral, protein, water and fat metabolism. However, these processes have a common basis, which causes diseases such as beriberi, eating hair, osteomalacia and mineral deficiency.

Vitamins play a key role in the lives of pets. This directly affects the growth, productivity and development of livestock, poultry, dogs, cats, etc. All the necessary vitamins and minerals to promote health and help to avoid undesirable conditions. In this case, veterinary care makes it possible to correctly diagnose the animal to continue to appoint all the necessary procedures of treatment.

In young animals, vitamin deficiency is often seen as lacking vitamin A. This leads to metabolic disorders, eye diseases, as well as the emergence of a variety of viral infections. Most often, this causes a lack of food, which lacks all the useful elements.Carotene in the grass, carrots, hay, in the family of legumes.

Useful nutrients for animals found in fish oil, milk, eggs and other products. Especially for females, it is important to make food that contains carotene. Veterinary medicine can eliminate various diseases of cattle with a lack of vitamins and trace elements necessary for life.

Vaccination of dogs: why and how to carry out.

Active prevention of diseases in dogs – tips and warnings

It’s no secret that dogs, like people who are at risk of contracting infectious diseases. Beloved pets await such a dangerous and common viral infections like enteritis, hepatitis, leptospirosis, plague and rabies. Reliable protection from these diseases – preventive vaccination.

The action is to develop a vaccine for dogs long active immunity. Vaccine should be distinguished from serum, which are intended for the treatment of infectious diseases, as initiated by passive immunity for a short time.

Vaccines.

In order not to harm the poor pet vaccination, the vaccine must be purchased in pharmacies and clinics. Domestic and imported vaccines are available in two types: monovalent, containing a vaccine against the disease, and polyvalent – against a few at a time.

Despite the fact that in the first year of life the puppy will have to move 4.5 shots, first make better use of monovalent vaccine. They contribute to the development of a reliable immunity. To support the existing immunity of adult dogs suitable polyvalent vaccine.

Before the vaccine.

At the beginning of life the baby is protected by maternal immunity, which he was still in the embryonic period and then with colostrum. If the month puppy ate exclusively breast milk, and not go outside the apartment, in respect of infectious he is healthy. On the walk baby should be protected from dangerous contact with the environment and keep it on hand. This is extremely important, because you can only vaccinate healthy puppy.

Before you make a good shot to watch the appetite, stool, pet behavior. The temperature ranges from healthy dogs 38-39 degrees. Measure the temperature should be several times a day, not less than 15 minutes after waking up and eating. Such observations will help determine how well the dog suffered a vaccine.

Weakens the body is the presence of a puppy worms, they emit toxins inhibit the immune system. Therefore, prior to vaccination is important to get rid of parasites

When and how to vaccinate dogs.

The first preventive vaccine made against enteritis and hepatitis at the age of six weeks. Approximately two weeks later to repeat vaccination. The same amount of time necessary for sustainable production of immunity in dogs to these diseases for the year. Then, a repeat vaccination. Usually, puppies are easy to carry this vaccine.

No earlier than two and a half months of a puppy vaccinated against plague. Later, the vaccine is dangerous to do. After this vaccination complications are possible, so be a long quarantine period of three weeks, during which pet are immune to the plague. At this time the dog can not walk, run down, too cold, and wash.

When the puppy will grow all the permanent teeth, in about seven months old, vaccinated against distemper repeat. Then do it every year at the same time.

When the dog turns four months, you can vaccinate against leptospirosis. Puppies up to six months, the vaccine is administered again after six months if the dog is older, vaccination is repeated in a year.
Completes an annual list of vaccinations against rabies vaccinations. Allowed to make such a shot with a six-month old, but in practice often comes after eight months, when the booster will be held against the plague. Vaccination against rabies is carried by dogs is not easy. So within two weeks after vaccination is necessary to observe a strict quarantine.
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