Conjunctivitis in Birds.

Conjunctivitis – an inflammation of the conjunctiva – a transparent mucous membrane connecting the eye that covers the rear surface of the eyelids and front of the eye to the cornea.

The most frequent causes of disease – irritation of the eyes with smoke, corrosive gases, as well as – dust and other foreign bodies in the eye. It is known that small birds love to rub his head on the perch, especially after bathing. If the perch is dirty, they can clog the eye. On the tits, which are more likely to rub his head on the perch, why they occur frequently and conjunctivitis, in the past bird lovers say that they are overwritten by the eye.

In canaries and other birds conjunctivitis may develop after prolonged feeding of cannabis. In this case, along with eye disease occurs and intestinal disorders. Inflammation of the conjunctiva in birds is related to indoor common, especially during the cold season, with cooling, if the cell is close to the vents or the bird is on the draft.

Connecting the eye mucous membrane contact with air and the environment. Therefore, in the conjunctive bags are always a variety of microorganisms. In clinically healthy parrots, for example, is dominated by staphylococci and other gram-positive bacteria. By reducing the body’s protective properties of these and other microbes can cause inflammation of the conjunctiva. It develops and diseases of internal organs, beriberi, and – in infectious diseases.

Symptoms. In acute conjunctivitis, mucous membrane reddens and swells, develops photophobia. Therefore, the birds keep your eyes closed or half closed. Discharge from the eye slit first liquid, and later – mucous or thick, opaque and purulent. These secretions accumulate in the inner corner of the eye in the form of clumps or filaments, glue eyelids.

Treatment. His start to eliminate the cause of the disease. Conjunctivitis, which developed because of the cold go away if you put a cell to another place and the bird will stay warm. In order not to happen, “mashing” the eye, you need to constantly monitor the purity of perches. In the event of illness due to improper feeding should begin to give the bird food, which meets the needs of the species.

The eyes of birds washed with fresh urine, the holy water (water with silver).

Bite dog. Infection after a bite.

It is said that the dog – man’s best friend. However, there are many cases of dog attacks on people for various reasons: to protect themselves from mental disorders. The phenomenon of licking the wounds of animals, especially mammals, gave birth to the myth that their saliva has disinfectant properties.
However, each animal’s mouth – it is a warehouse of microbes, especially bacteria and fungi. Pure saliva actually has disinfectant properties due to its protein structure. Licking wounds is also a natural response of mammals. However, the saliva in the case of dog bite – it is pure poison for humans, because we have not developed immunity against bacteria and germs in the mouth of the existing dog, which immediately lead to the development of infection.

Dog Bite

The dog, though the animal socialized in our time, but deep down she is a wild animal and has many characteristics, physical and psychological, passed to her by her ancestors. The outstanding physical qualities of the dog, inherited from the canine community are an aggressive set of teeth, powerful jaws and way of thinking, based on the method of brute force, reporting to the killer instinct to protect itself and its owner from harm and danger. Thanks to these characteristics, the dog may cause serious harm to humans.

The muscles that control jaw dogs are able to exert enormous pressure. This pressure and the force capable of causing puncture wounds and lacerations on the skin, damage to blood vessels, muscles and even tendons. Lacerations after being bitten by a dog, as well as microbes that penetrate the body, making the consequences of dog bite is even more serious. In many cases, the germs that cause infection overpower the defense mechanism of the organism, ie, white blood cells. Use only disinfectants insufficient measure a wound from a dog bite must be properly treated.

Infection from the bite of dogs

Infection is usually spread of germs in the wound. Check out some kinds of bacteria that cause infections of wounds from the bite of the dogs.

• Staphylococcus
• Eykenella
• Klebsiella
• Moraksella
• Prevotella
• Fuzobakterii
• Kapnotsitofaga
• Pasteurella
• Streptococci
• Proteus
• Gemofilus
• Enterobacter
• Porfiromonas
• Bacteroides
• Corynebacterium
• Neisseria

Disinfectants used for first aid after being bitten by dogs, used to get rid of bacteria.However, not all disinfectants can kill the bacteria. Inflammation of the skin and release a whitish fluid – this is the first sign that the wound was infected. Another common symptom is a reddish rash around the bite. These symptoms usually occur within 8 hours after a dog bite. At this time, you need to go to the hospital.

Infection after a dog bite is even worse if a person is infected with rabies. The first sign of infection with rabies – a hallucination. They will be accompanied by severe headache, sweating and fever. These symptoms are very similar to regular flu symptoms. A person may also experience muscle spasms and an aversion to water. The best tool in this situation is to immediately wash the wound and call an ambulance or go immediately to the hospital.

Another common infection through the bite of a dog is tetanus. The signs of tetanus are muscle cramps and fever. Sepsis – blood poisoning, is another common infection after being bitten by a dog.

To avoid life-threatening infections, it is advisable to call an ambulance, and then wash the wound. Emergency medical personnel, examining the wound, immediately carry out the necessary vaccinations and medical treatment.

Vaccination of dogs: why and how to carry out.

Active prevention of diseases in dogs – tips and warnings

It’s no secret that dogs, like people who are at risk of contracting infectious diseases. Beloved pets await such a dangerous and common viral infections like enteritis, hepatitis, leptospirosis, plague and rabies. Reliable protection from these diseases – preventive vaccination.

The action is to develop a vaccine for dogs long active immunity. Vaccine should be distinguished from serum, which are intended for the treatment of infectious diseases, as initiated by passive immunity for a short time.

Vaccines.

In order not to harm the poor pet vaccination, the vaccine must be purchased in pharmacies and clinics. Domestic and imported vaccines are available in two types: monovalent, containing a vaccine against the disease, and polyvalent – against a few at a time.

Despite the fact that in the first year of life the puppy will have to move 4.5 shots, first make better use of monovalent vaccine. They contribute to the development of a reliable immunity. To support the existing immunity of adult dogs suitable polyvalent vaccine.

Before the vaccine.

At the beginning of life the baby is protected by maternal immunity, which he was still in the embryonic period and then with colostrum. If the month puppy ate exclusively breast milk, and not go outside the apartment, in respect of infectious he is healthy. On the walk baby should be protected from dangerous contact with the environment and keep it on hand. This is extremely important, because you can only vaccinate healthy puppy.

Before you make a good shot to watch the appetite, stool, pet behavior. The temperature ranges from healthy dogs 38-39 degrees. Measure the temperature should be several times a day, not less than 15 minutes after waking up and eating. Such observations will help determine how well the dog suffered a vaccine.

Weakens the body is the presence of a puppy worms, they emit toxins inhibit the immune system. Therefore, prior to vaccination is important to get rid of parasites

When and how to vaccinate dogs.

The first preventive vaccine made against enteritis and hepatitis at the age of six weeks. Approximately two weeks later to repeat vaccination. The same amount of time necessary for sustainable production of immunity in dogs to these diseases for the year. Then, a repeat vaccination. Usually, puppies are easy to carry this vaccine.

No earlier than two and a half months of a puppy vaccinated against plague. Later, the vaccine is dangerous to do. After this vaccination complications are possible, so be a long quarantine period of three weeks, during which pet are immune to the plague. At this time the dog can not walk, run down, too cold, and wash.

When the puppy will grow all the permanent teeth, in about seven months old, vaccinated against distemper repeat. Then do it every year at the same time.

When the dog turns four months, you can vaccinate against leptospirosis. Puppies up to six months, the vaccine is administered again after six months if the dog is older, vaccination is repeated in a year.
Completes an annual list of vaccinations against rabies vaccinations. Allowed to make such a shot with a six-month old, but in practice often comes after eight months, when the booster will be held against the plague. Vaccination against rabies is carried by dogs is not easy. So within two weeks after vaccination is necessary to observe a strict quarantine.
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