Insulin Syringe. What is this?

Easy Touch Insulin Syringe

According to international estimates, more than four percent of the adult population suffers from a disease called diabetes. Despite the “dessert” concept, this disease is a huge problem for the sick person. Scientists have shown that diabetes can be inherited. But do not worry if your family has or had this kind of patients. Diabetes is not a viral disease. In addition, they cannot get, because the disease does not cause the bacteria. Patients with diabetes are constantly in need of medication. This is called insulin. The fact is that in diabetes in the blood does not have enough of this hormone. As a result, the sugar is simply not processed in the body of the patient, why can develop thrombosis and so on. Insulin – the hormone of the pancreas. It is of great importance in the daily work of the organs and systems of man. If it is not a man or a woman forced to comply with a special diet and administered daily dose of insulin. This can be done by special needle, which will be discussed later in this article.

Insulin syringe consists of a special body, the needle and plunger. In fact, this kind of arrangement is not much different from typical medical syringe. The only thing, it is much less. Nowadays people are increasingly using more modern syringes. For example, insulin pen. The difference is the following. This pen is, above all, from the so-called insulin cartridges, which are often referred to as cartridge or cartridge. The structure of such a syringe needle and also includes a special mechanism which makes piston operate automatically. Insulin pen in working order must be stored in specially its case. Recap the needle. Generally this type of insulin syringe containing a specific dose of the hormone. There are pens, a dose of which 0.5 units or, for example, one Unit.

Of course, to use a syringe pen is much more convenient. When compared with an ordinary syringe, perform the procedure and enter the injection with her man can own. In addition, due to the special mechanism, needle done quickly. One has only to click on the correct button. We should not forget that a pen injections less painful. This is because the insulin pen is very short and thin needle. It is comfortable to wear, because the case does not take much space in your bag or pocket. This reusable syringe. This is another plus. The most well-known manufacturers such “handles” are now considered “Plivapen” and “Humapen.”

Insulin pen must have a special window, which will be marked on the scale. With this sick person can continue to fairly easy to control insulin, setting just the right amount that you want specifically to him. As for the so-called replacement cartridges in the syringe, it will not take long. People will be able to change the cartridge in two minutes.

Insulin pen can be purchased at any pharmacy. It should be noted that these devices have become popular all over the world. Use the pen at any time. No need to spend a lot of your precious time to prepare the syringe handling the injection site, and the like. The cost depends on the type of pen manufacturer, the amount of shells and other items. Set your body needs insulin only with professional on the basis of special blood tests. Hurry to the doctor, listen to his advice and take care of your health!

Testing Aquarium Water

Without testing the quality of the aquarium water aquarist cannot do. Everyone, especially as a beginner aquarist should be able to test the water. It is not difficult, and now and not expensive.

I guess we all know that if a child suddenly for no apparent reason of sick, then the best thing to put him to the thermometer. Rather, he has fever and he was not feeling well. Anyone can measure the temperature. And certainly there is a medical thermometer in the house at all. Temperature measurement – this is the easiest method of diagnosis.

And what aquarist, if the fish suddenly  sick: color and lost appetite, became lethargic, and even more so if they began to show more severe symptoms of distress, such as hemorrhage and the splitting of the fins, shortness of breath? Do not rush to make the aquarium any medications. To begin in diagnosing! After all, myself or my child to begin with you would put a thermometer, is not it?

Obviously, incomparably less than the aquarium room of most natural waters. That’s why the aquarium ecosystem is subject to rapid change. To maintain a steady state it simply is not enough internal resources. These are important for fish health parameters as acidity (pH), the content of ammonia and nitrite can significantly change not what a day – a few hours! The health of the fish it will be reflected very badly. And any medication you do not help them here, on the contrary will only aggravate an adverse situation, further violating the ecological balance in the aquarium. Therefore, the aquarist should be able to confidently manage the fragile ecosystem of the aquarium, and without the diagnosis is simply impossible. To benefit from interfering in the life of the aquarium, you must know what processes take place in it and what results they led.

In the same way as you have a medical thermometer in the house, if you’re a holder of an aquarium, you should have at least a minimum set of aquarium tests. Among them should be made a test to determine the acidity (pH test), the test for the determination of ammonia (test for ammonia / ammonium), a test for the determination of nitrite and nitrate test to determine. In addition, it is useful to know the total and temporary hardness (GH-and KH-tests). Taken together, these tests and are thus “thermometer” – the necessary diagnostic kit, with which you can find trouble in the aquarium ecosystem and promptly rectify the situation.

Using modern aquarium test is very simple. It should be a special measuring cup to collect the right amount of water and make the appropriate reagent drop by drop. Depending on the purpose of the test, it will be necessary either to calculate the number of drops needed to change the color of the sample, or vice versa to make a predetermined number of drops and compare the color of the sample with a special color scale, which, together with a drink included in the test. The instructions attached to the aquarium tests, explain which parameter specifies the test and what values ​​can be considered the norm, and which are dangerous to fish.

If you found trouble on some indicator of what to do next? In other words, what “medicine” needed to “cure” the aquarium ecosystem? First of all, an aquarium with disturbed biological balance needed influx of fresh water. But the trouble is, our tap water is not suitable for fish. From this it is first necessary to remove chlorine, ammonia, heavy metals, if necessary, to stabilize the pH in the optimum values ​​for the fish. In most cases, a simple defense of water for three days, solves this problem. But if you have defended the water there, and the ecological situation in the aquarium requires immediate action, what can you do?

There are several answers to this question.

You can use a good household drinking water purification filter (with no silver in the filter material!), Then heat the water to the desired temperature, at least one hour it and make the aquarium (required to measure the pH: Some filters are significantly change this setting, and then have to adjust the reagent pH + or pH).

You can use boiled water. Water should be boiled, cooled to the desired temperature, proaerirovat at least an hour, and then use it.

Water-cooked methods described above can be immediately replaced by a quarter or even a third of the aquarium.

If you are using cooked quickly tap water is always useful to use a special air-conditioned.

Not always but a Wiki is the ability to quickly prepare the right amount of water using the above methods. Then come to the aid of special reagents that can be used to neutralize the harmful impurities in the water and achieve the desired hydro-chemical parameters. With the help of these same chemicals can quickly “fix” the water and directly into the aquarium.

As you know, we live in an era of change. Now, these changes also affected the aquarium – it was the era of widespread use of aquarium tests and reagents.

Quarantine Newly Purchased Fish.

Aquarium Fish

When purchasing new fish, even the experienced aquarist cannot always see the clinical signs of a disease, since the latter is not always apparent, and the fish that are carriers of pathogens in the external examination is almost impossible to identify. Shares, in the general aquarium of at least one sick or seemingly healthy, but being a carrier of fish pathogens is sufficient for the outbreak of an infectious or parasitic diseases and primarily the young fish are sick. That’s why the newly acquired fish are subjected to quarantine.

To do this, allocate a separate aquarium, which contain no soil and aquatic vegetation. This is due to frequent changes of water in it and conduct disinfection of the tank. In order to maintain the desired oxygen regime of water in it aerated. In the aquarium must fix some nets, bowl scraper, spray, thermometer and other equipment that is disinfected after the removal of fish.

Quarantine term – not less than one month, the fish received from abroad – more than a month. Fish, not shown signs of illness for the duration of the quarantine, transplanted into a common tank. Due to quarantine the fish can be identified with the disease located in the incubation period. This period varies from several days to several weeks, depending on the susceptibility of fish to a given pathogen, from its general condition, the degree of virulence of the pathogen, environmental conditions and other factors.

Sometimes it helps to identify quarantine  not all fish are in the incubation period of disease or are carriers of pathogens of parasitic diseases. It happens that the fish parasite infective agents of several diseases, not just members of different species and families, but also the types. For example, one fish can be found flagellate Costia necatrix family Bodonidae, such as Protozoa, infusoria Chilodonella surrini, viviparous monogenetic trematode Gyrodactylus elegans, and copepod Lernaea cyrinacea family Lernaeidae. This infection is called mixed.

Regular Maintenance of an Aquarium.

Fish Aquarium

Aquarium is beautiful only when it is regularly cared for. Despite the widespread view of the complexity of care, in fact it is much easier than to keep the house, for example, a canary. Canary to feed, drink, brush tray in the cage, thank you for a walk even though it is not necessary. And all this day, just try to leave the poor bird in the hot summer season at the weekend without water and food! Most likely your return, it will not wait. But running properly you can easily keep an aquarium at least for the whole vacation, or anything with him or with the fishes will not happen. Hard to believe, is not it? Yet it is true.

If starting a new aquarium you will comply with all the steps – first bought an aquarium, filled ground, planted the plants, water filled and, most importantly, they gave him to stand at least a week before buying the fish, then at an early stage any problems should arise. Well, maybe if you decide to generously feed the fish right half of the contents of the jars available feed, and this at once spoiled water. But the days pass, and at such a neat sand begins to appear first dirt on the glass to appear on a distinguished film and micro-organisms, and so neat when you buy a bush plant suddenly starts to go out of the water. What to do? What’s wrong? And in fact, all right, and do not need to be afraid, just the time has come for the first time to clean the aquarium.

Aquarium as well as any home needs regular cleaning. While cleaning her apartment, usually immediately and ventilated. The aquarium in the process of cleaning you will substitute some of the water. And in this procedure is no big deal, especially since it is sufficient to carry out only once a week, and if the fish a little, then enough for two times per month. Compare this with the daily cleaning of the canary!

To care for the aquarium, we need a bucket, a regular or special hose with a nozzle-siphon (hose of the best to use a transparent fillms, ordinary rubber may produce undesirable components in the water, and the rubber is aging rapidly, and becomes unfit for use), a special scraper for glass and possible pair of scissors. Scissors will be needed in case of need to trim excessively overgrown plants, although many aquarists simply break off his hands. But the main tool is still a hose and bucket.

We begin with a clean glass. The fact that the glass is always picking up the lower algae and various microorganisms inhabit, thereby impairing visibility. If a strong light and bright areas are actively breeding green algae, they look like green fuzz on the rocks, leaves, plants and windows. Brown patina on the glass and leaves of plants indicates a lack of lighting and the colonies called diatoms. The easiest way to remove algae from glass is to use a special comb. Scrapers are magnetic; these consist of two parts one of which is placed in water, while the other pulls it through the glass outside. As a result, you can safely, even without wetting the hands of just driving on the glass, and part of being in an aquarium will be with scrape plaque from the walls.

Another pig is a sponge on a wooden handle. They are also quite convenient to clean glass aquarium, but for deeper tanks, he will not do. But a sponge can be cleaned aquariums made of plastic, magnetic scraper is easy to scratch their walls. However, there are magnetic scrapers specifically for plastic glasses, but they rarely occur in the sale. If the scraper is not at all, then you can either use a new clean sponge for dishes, or a razor blade (be careful, the blade can scratch the glass, even ordinary, not to mention organic) or use an old nylon stocking. Please note, all methods of removing algae with a sponge or a stocking require great physical effort, as it does not look, but the magnetic scraper is preferable.

But the scraper can clean just the glass, but what about the leaves of plants or rocks, driftwood and other decorative elements? There may come to the aid of fish feed on algae. The most popular algae – Ancistrus. Even a Ancistrus able to shine clean the aquarium for 50 liters, more importantly keep it on a starvation diet. This is connected with the fact that if you get a lot of Ancistrus feed, then they stop nibbling algae from glass, preferring to watch “manna from heaven” at the trough. I think this one can understand – why do all day puff on the glass scraping thin plenochkoy algae. If the food and so drops you right on the head? It is also very nice to clean the tank of algae – especially guppies and mollienezii. Try not to feed them a couple of days and they all instantly algal overgrowth, leading aquarium in the sparkling look! There are other fish in the aquarium contained specifically to clean the glass, but I will tell about them another time.

But on the snails in this important matter should not be relied. They often give birth to this very purpose, but in fact they eat algae and a little uneven, leaving just the glass of the intricate patterns in algae tracks.

The next step after cleaning the glass will be cleaning the filter. In the most common internal filters filter material consists of special water-resistant foam. The filter is switched off, carefully pulled out (some filters be disconnected without turning off the filter compartment), and rushes to the bathroom or the kitchen for washing. Usually, simply rinse the sponge under running warm water, then put back into the filter and return it to the aquarium. But about once every two months is useful to completely disassemble the filter mechanism, remove it from the rotor and remove him from the accumulated mucus and dirt, and clean the nozzle of the filter. Very easy to use for that old toothbrush unnecessary.

As you can see, there is nothing difficult to clean the aquarium there. Glass is easy to clean, you can even throw this honorable duty on the fish. However the bathroom to wash the filter in the fish until you know how, but this minute operation is unlikely to cause someone trouble. Thus, we can safely go to the most important – the substitution of water in the tank. Water is the habitat of fish and plants, and regular replacement of its very beneficial effect on the state aquarium inhabitants. With fresh water in the tank are made necessary for the development of plants doses of trace elements, and an old water tank is removed from the waste products of the fish. It remains only to explain exactly how it’s done.

Probably all seen as drivers with a hose is drained from the fuel tank? It’s very simple – the hose pushes the tank (in this case to the aquarium), the other end is taken into the mouth and the liquid (water or gasoline) to gently sucked. After a little practice, it turns out quite easily and happily murmuring water rushes from the tank to the outstretched pot. Of course, the bucket must be below the water level in the tank, otherwise it will not work. You can do another thing – the whole tube is heated in the tank, completely filled with water, then gently clamped ends of the hose, one end is transferred to the bucket and there released. Even if the hose will be a small amount of air bubbles – this is not scary. They will make the water flow. Also on sale are all sorts of devices to facilitate this process – hose with a rubber bulb (it is built overlooking the water valve in one direction only), or even special electrical traps on batteries. But for simplicity and low cost of conventional hose it’s best! One note, do not try to take the hose is too large diameter for a thorough cleaning of the aquarium would be the best pipe diameter 10-15mm, max. Thicker tubes are useful only when the substitution of large quantities of water immediately, using them to clean the inconvenient – until the end of the hose a handful of dirt on the bottom, the bucket is already time to be filled.

So, water is poured into the bucket, what do you do next? Again, nothing complicated – you bring the other end deep into the tank (it is better to stick his hand into the water, otherwise the hose is too difficult to send in the right places) and start to drive them in places where dirt or remains of half-eaten food. Just a word of caution – the current of water gives a very strong and can begin to suck sand from the bottom, and careless or too curious fish may also tighten. To loosen a bit during the end of the hose often wear a funnel. This greatly simplifies the process of cleaning, and the sand remains in the tank, but not all migrate into the bucket.

In pet stores often sell special tools – a kind worn by the cylinder hose to clean the aquarium. This arrangement is called a siphon, and although it’s all just kind of in the hopper, but it gives the aquarist another great opportunity – siphon primer. Let me explain what this means. The fact that the soil is constantly fail micro particles are not eaten by fish feed and feces that have accumulated there in large numbers may begin to rot. Of course, part of the accumulated in the soil is used as fertilizer plants, but all is good in moderation! The fact that participating in the process of putrefaction bacteria produce hydrogen sulfide, which is a poisonous gas in the tank, and it is not the place. In such cases, aquarists say that the soil “sour” is defined by it’s very easy – just cranking out his hand and sniffed the ground had risen to the surface of bubbles. If the bubble does not exist or they do not smell, it’s all right. But if they smell like rotten eggs – hence an urgent need to siphon the ground.

The process itself soil is different from the normal water changes, just use the hose only planted on his end of the cylinder is found not only on the ground and stuck to it. Stuck, raised a storm of sand and pebbles are pulled over, and with them, and all the accumulated dirt in the sand. But the heavy stones, they rise up to half of the cylinder and falls back down, and the lighter particles of dirt carries a current of water. Once the water in the cylinder becomes transparent – it stuck in the neighboring area of ??the soil. And so on until the bucket is full. At first the water flow will be obtained is too large, such as brushed and nothing at all, a piece in a couple of palm size, and the bucket is already full. But with practice efficiency will increase, and there is no need to wait long to sand absolutely everything in it. Just a few seconds without having to wait until the first portion of the elongated leaves and ground haze through the hose into the bucket is already possible to stick a siphon into the adjacent area. You can remember on which part you left off and continue to siphon it into next week. It will be preferable to just replace the tank too much water.

Speaking of the substitution. The aquarium will NEVER have to change all the water! Those who have to clean the tank drag the whole thing a bath, the fish are planted in a pot and wash it up to boiling of ground – comes completely wrong. The norm in the aquarium water changes from 10 to 25% of the total in a week. Suppose you have an aquarium of 100 liters. Then it means that you can just pour out of him and a half or two buckets of water (the usual bucket has a capacity of 10-12 liters), and pour fresh water to the desired level. That’s it!. The second error – they say the water for substitution must necessarily be a distance not less than one day. Not at all! Years of experience and hundreds of thousands of experienced hobbyists shows that the water can without any problem pouring straight from the tap. And the cold water tank at a temperature of 25 degrees, even the Gulf of two buckets of cold water from ordinary tap water you get a drop in temperature on the strength of 1 degree. And then turned on the heater (all modern heaters have built-in thermostat) quickly align the temperature to be necessary. You may ask – why must the cold, because you can mix it with hot water to the desired temperature? But this, precisely, do not be! The fact that the heating plant and the boiler formed to fight the scum inside the hot pipes, using various chemical additives, which can be deadly to your pets. In this aquarists use only cold water, in extreme cases can pour tea into a bucket of hot water to raise the temperature. And it makes sense to protect the water only at very strong chlorination of the water when a strong smell of chlorine. By the way, “whitish” water, which is often mistaken for a strong chlorine, nothing to do with chlorine does not, it is only whipped high pressure air microbubbles. They instantly evaporate from the dishes, enough to give the water stand for a couple of minutes. But to remove the chlorine from the water need much more time, not less than one day. But I repeat once again – to defend the water makes sense only if clearly expressed a strong smell of chlorine in all other cases it can be safely substitutes just like that. If you are still afraid to pour into the aquarium water does not defend, and defend it and have no place in what, in pet stores sell many kinds of air conditioners for the aquarium water. They not only remove chlorine to it, but also bind and neutralize a variety of harmful heavy metals and nitrogen compounds.

It’s all about what I wanted to tell at this time. As you can see in the regular care of the aquarium there is nothing complicated, just enough to half an hour once a week to fish will be healthy ( without fish antibiotics) and plants feel good, and the tank remains clean and beautiful. Agree – this is not so much, for half an hour a week?

Large choice of fish and bird antibiotics

Large choice of fish and bird antibiotics

Miss a Dog Alone?

What a joy it was to the family when we bought a puppy. We have long been preparing for this event. It is very difficult, it turned out, we select the appropriate breed by nature, because each has its own inherent qualities. With someone needs a lot of walking with someone engaged in the performance of training, someone must take on the hunting or combing several times a day.

Having defined the breed, we picked up a nursery, where, in our opinion, were the best representatives. We had to wait 3 months.
During this time, we bought a couple of things: a rug, bowls for food and water, all sorts of colorful toys, tweeters, vitamins and mineral supplements on the advice of breeders and much more.

We had a lot of information about what to feed the puppy, when to vaccinate, how to care for his hair, how to monitor the change of teeth and so on. But we did not know what to do, that our pet is pleased us with his behavior.

As time passed, he grew up, and our house has become a “battlefield.” The floor is broken claws and in some places dug up the concrete, wallpaper on the bottom of the wall is now missing scratched doors. When we come home from work, we met a lot of foul-smelling, and almost a flood in the kitchen. This is despite the fact that we honestly walk with the dog in the morning and evening for almost an hour.

All these details would be for us to tolerate, if not for the neighbors who complain about the constant howling and barking in our absence. Now we face a choice, or somehow fix everything that creates our dog, or we simply evicted.

During that time, until the dog with us we are so accustomed to it, love, and give it to the “good hands” is not acceptable, let alone put to sleep, like insisting bellicose neighbor.
This is one of the stories of those dog owners who are faced with the problem of fear of loneliness. Many believe that this behavior is caused by just the presence of boredom, which is trying to get rid of the dog described above.

But this opinion, we believe is absolutely wrong. If you try to understand what boredom is just an association with drowsiness, yawning and sleeping. Thus boredom dog for us is just an extremely desirable. During the absence of the hosts they are just sleeping. This is normal behavior alone.

What is the cause of abnormal behavior, which we have called above the fear of loneliness?

Usually – it’s dominance. What is it?

Any dog, regardless of its size and species, has characteristic of the behavior of the wolf. A dog that lives in the family believes it to his flock. In the pack there is a hierarchy, where a representative of other more important, in other words, he – leader of the pack. The higher the position of the animal in the hierarchy, the more he has the rights and benefits.

Usually, the leader sets the rules and demands of their performance (dominant). He always comes first, forcing the others to follow. The leader eats first. It can take food from other pack members. He is the initiator of all actions of the pack, whether it be playing or hunting. He sleeps on the hills. As is well acquainted with all the animated film about Mowgli, the leader Akella is always lying on a high rock.

Anyone who has faced the problem of destructive dog behavior at home during the absence of the hosts, allowed her to behave this way. Our experience shows that none of these people just had no idea that their dog feels the principal in relation to them. Such behavior is inherent in these dogs from birth, it determines how viable they will flock in the wild. The desire to lead the pack and become a leader is in each dog.

Therefore, in order to reduce the dominance of a dog, she cannot afford to behave like a leader. You need to behave themselves, that is:

– Always enter and exit the first in any door. That is, before the door, gate or gate, you have to stop, go first and then allow the dog to do it. The leader should always be first.
– Also, you must first climb up and down the stairs. The dog, thus, must go side by side or slightly behind.
– Completely ignore the dog when it requested a meal when you eat. During your meal, it can not be with you. After you eat, take a bowl in one hand and show her. In the other hand, take any piece of human food (cookies, candy, fruit or vegetables) and eat it in her eyes. Then give her a bowl. This way you will show your dog that you eat first, and defraud her of her food, as does this leader of the pack.
– Ignore the dog if it sticks to you with a desire to play or wants you to caress her. Tell her strictly “Fu” or “not” and do not pay attention to it. If you want to own it to play or cuddle it, Call it 1-2 a minute, praise her, play and cuddle. The leader is the initiator of all actions of the pack.
– Be sure to decline to lie on beds, chairs, etc. At higher elevations is the leader and the dog tries to push you, “his office”

If you are faced with the fact that the dog finds a home, you must also begin to engage with it in training of a novice with an experienced instructor individually or on a training club in the group with other dogs.
The problem of dominance can not be corrected to include the radio or TV during the absence of the hosts. Nothing happens if you leave a toy with a record of your voice. The dog will demand your return as you its slave, and she is, roughly speaking, your boss. Often, even the presence in the room other animals or people she does not think the members of his flock, cannot prevent the dog’s excitement, her howling, barking, jumping on the door, etc. And if you close it in one of the rooms, donating it to the pogrom that can protect your neighbors from noise published?

To correct the fear of loneliness must do the following exercise.

Close the dog in the room or on the balcony and wait for one, without going to it.
If she whines, scratches or shows any other concern, it should be ignored.

After 3 minutes, if it has not ceased to behave this way, go into the room, but as if you do not have a dog. Let her out of the room should not be. Walk around the room without even looking at her. If the dog jumps, not repel it, leave the room.
Wait a bit. If the dog stopped, it is necessary to enter and praise her, give a treat, and leave again. If you still whines, then go back, go, completely ignoring. Again leave until then the dog stops whining. It usually takes between 5 and repeat 12 times.

As soon as the stop whining, come and praise. Each time, increase the time that she was sitting quietly. That is, the first time, when the dog stops whining, just come in and praise, for the second time in 10-15 seconds, then after a minute, etc.

It is necessary that the first time you perform this exercise; it is not whined at least 3-4 times in a row. This may take 2-3 hours. If the dog begins to whine and did not stop, come in and ignore.

This exercise is designed to reduce the pleasure of a dog howling and anxiety, as we cease to praise her for it. On the contrary, we praise her for her calm demeanor. Eventually, the dog realizes that solitude is fine, but when the owner comes home compliments and wishes for her that she is calm and does not notice her if she “hooligans”. For dogs, what they fail to notice and ignore the far more vexing any other punishment (shouting, swearing, beating, etc.).

In addition to dominance, fear, loneliness can be caused by the fact that the dog is not accustomed to a stay at home. This happens when people take a puppy with small children and always sits with him at home, never leaving him alone. Then circumstances change, and the dog is no one to stay. Such abrupt changes cannot afford to move many of the dogs, regardless of their breed.

When you buy a puppy, it must be left alone. Then you can leave the apartment a short time, gradually increasing the period of absence.

As a result, we believe that any breed of dog can safely tolerate the absence of hosts, if, after purchase the puppy, leave them alone and they are engaged in the above-described methods. That is, there are no excess breeds of dogs, which is completely absent fear of loneliness. Experience shows that such a seemingly bedroom of breed of dogs, an English bulldog, Yorkshire terrier, toy terrier, Labrador may have a fear of loneliness. Rather, it is the result of improper handling of a dog-and-error in the education, not racial characteristic.

Dogs who do not fear loneliness, you can leave with friends and relatives. They are easy to move it. In other words, they are simply bored to sleep.

It is believed that there are breeds of dogs, house breaking content that they mind. This is misleading. There are breeds of dogs are active. They usually have a lot of walking. Therefore, many feel that these dogs can not be kept in the apartment. We think that if you provide dog walking sufficient to meet its activity, the breed does not matter. Psyche can spoil rather than flats content, and mishandling the dog and the mistakes in the upbringing.

Runny Nose in Dogs and Cats.

Runny nose (rhinitis) in cats and dogs can be a separate disease or a symptom of other diseases. Nasal discharge may be watery, mucous, purulent. If the selection goes from one nostril, then it’s probably not a simple head cold, it often indicates a tumor in the nasal passages, this doctor’s consultation is required.
Common cold usually occurs without worsening of general condition, the animal is active, eats well. For the treatment can be used to drop the animals or small children in the oil-based. Treatment is carried out at least 7 – 10 days.
It should be noted that even the common cold in cats, dogs runny nose, if left untreated, may become chronic. Chronic rhinitis is almost impossible to treat. Therefore, it is expedient to immediately contact your veterinarian.
Do not be afraid to treat with antibiotics if the case is not running, you will have a healthy animal. But as a rule, the animal gets to a vet suffering from is 1.5 – 2 months! Often the treatment is useless, and the owners charged with veterinarians in mediocrity. By purchasing a kitten or a puppy at the age of 1.5 – 2 months, sneezing, but fun, the owners think that it is “cold” and are surprised that in a month or two “cold” does not pass. And when you consider that viral rhinotracheitis or kalitseviroz cats, adenovirus, and the plague in dogs begins, usually with a cold – can be within 5 – 10 days of losing an animal. For the young, these viruses are deadly. Runny nose may be allergic origin, the first sign of asthma (not uncommon in cats!). This treatment is different: antihistamines, corticosteroids.
Particular caution – self-medication may be harmful to your animals, so we do not give specific assignments to the medical examination.
GENTLE CAT HOC
In profile, the cats of different breeds differ significantly from each other. Elongated and straight nose oriental cats can be as much as 5 inches longer spout Persian, resembling a small button of. But no matter how the nose looked like it throughout their lives is a true cat, as an important sensory organ and the beginning of the respiratory system. Inhaled air before it enters the lungs and clears heat in the nose. In addition to the vital oxygen, the cat may inhale harmful bacteria and viruses, as well as various foreign bodies. Fortunately, the cat’s nose is an excellent biological filter, which does not pass into the body, most microbes. Micro-organisms and dust deposited on the mucous membrane, and then allocated through the nose. So sometimes in the nose prominent black cats are thin crust, from which the animal gets rid of when washing. These secretions, breathing, are not a sign of disease. A cat can inhale foreign bodies: a blade of grass, string, small fish bone, and even insects. Then she starts to sneeze and constantly rubs his nose with his paw. In most cases the foreign body out of itself. Otherwise, do not try to remove it (you can seriously injure the nasal mucosa), and you must immediately give the cat the care of a veterinarian.
If the cat runs from the nose, she sneezes and breathes with difficulty, the poor are likely to seriously ill. It is through the nose in the animal pathogens penetrate the most dangerous and incurable diseases – infectious peritonitis (FIP) and leukemia (FeLV). Protect your cat from these deadly diseases can only be timely vaccinations. Some infectious diseases of the upper respiratory tract are united under the name “cat’s runny nose.” Their agents – herpes viruses, reoviruses, kalitsevirusy, Chlamydia. Symptoms of feline rhinitis – sneezing, coughing, eye inflammation, fever, weakness and apathy. Discharge from the eyes and nose, watery at first, and then the adhesive or purulent. Often an animal cannot breathe through your nose. Because of the deteriorating appetite, because the cat does not feel the smell of food. Kalitsevirus, except for the described symptoms, may cause ulceration of the mucous membranes of the mouth. Various animals endure a cold cat in many ways: some off with a slight indisposition, other disease is very difficult. Of course, one should not expect deterioration, hoping for a home remedy. At the first sign of illness, especially when the temperature rises, you need to consult a doctor. Cat’s cold can be cured with antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs, but it is better to make the cat vaccinated. Running respiratory infections can lead to inflammation of the lungs. Against the background of feline rhinitis may develop a secondary bacterial infection – inflammation of the maxillary (nose) sinuses. In this case a cat sneezes, spraying white, yellowish, often with blood, a secret. Appetite remains normal animal, because breathing is difficult, the selection comes from the sinuses. Sinusitis treated with antibiotics, in severe cases, the nasal cavity is washed, exposing them to the outside. Cats often suffer from colds in the nasal passages may be formed polyps – benign growths the size of a cherry. Symptoms of polyps: difficulty breathing, nasal discharge, recurrent bouts of sneezing. Some cats shake their heads, can change the timbre of voice and swallowing difficult. Get rid of the polyps can only be surgically.Some cats may suffer from allergic rhinitis. Animal allergies and sneezes, as opposed to the common cold, caused by colds, nasal discharge is always watery. Cats, like humans, there is an allergic reaction to pollen of certain plants or chemicals. Measures to prevent allergies – to identify the allergen and prevent their falling into the habitat of the cat. Relieve allergic rhinitis by using anti-inflammatory drugs.
Thus, the respiratory diseases of cats on the symptoms and treatments are similar to those of men. Under no circumstances do not try to treat cough and sneeze cat antibiotics, which, for example, quickly helped to catch a cold last winter baby. Only a veterinarian may prescribe an effective cure for a cat in a suitable dosage for a particular animal. The best way to protect your cat against disease – timely vaccination. Combined vaccination against pathogens “cat colds”, and chlamydia.
The first vaccination – at the age of 8-9 weeks. Booster – at the age of 11-12 weeks. Subsequent re-vaccination – every year. Cat’s nose is not only an important part of the respiratory system, but also the organ of smell. Cat has a great sense of smell is much more acute than in man. Department of cat brain responsible for sense of smell is well developed. In addition, over the upper jaw of a cat is a special organ that does not pertain to the nose – the body Jacobson. Its role is to recognize odors. This body is in other animals, such as horses. The cat sometimes opens his mouth, sniffing the unfamiliar objects. So the cat “sniffing” Jacobson organ. It is noticed that, as a rule, unpleasant for the person smells like urine scent marks, the cat with the body recognizes Jacobson. The food is usually a cat sniffing nose. But not exactly clear what makes a cat in some cases the use of Jacobson organ, while others – the nose.
It is believed that a dog’s nose is sharper than a cat. In fact, this is not true. Indeed, part of the brain dog responsible for the sense of smell, developed more than a cat. But the smells of food, as well as relatives of the cat trap smells just as sharply as a dog. The main difference in the smell of cats and dogs is that dogs are on the trail, the cat did not. However, cats can smell from a distance. During the mating period, females gather at the window all the neighboring cats. Some go to the “scent of a woman” from afar. Cat owners need to know about one of their features. Before you eat, the cat always sniffs the food, even the well-known and beloved: the smell of food stimulates the appetite. The cat, which has a stuffy nose, turns away from the tidbits. At a cold cat for some unknown reason does not use body Jacobson. Diseased animal is fasting harmful to itself – the body is not getting food, weakens, and the disease progresses. Therefore, a cat suffering from even a slight cold, to clean the nose and feed it highly palatable foods: liver, the most favorite canned food, fresh meat. Some odors are a cat like a drug. For example, sniffing, or valeric tincture of valerian root, most cats will come into ecstasy: starts rolling on the floor and rub on all sorts of things. This lasts a few minutes. In addition to valerian, cat smells like catnip, onion and garlic. Odor as naphthalene and orange cats are extremely unpleasant.
How to care for the dogs nose?
Dog’s nose – the main feature of the health problems. Therefore, if the nose is not wet and cold, like a healthy dog, it should alert you. Dry, hot, and sometimes cracked nose should alert the owner – a symptom of illness onset. However, warm nose can be a dog during a game or immediately after sleep. Still, be observant, in time to capture the best condition. If the dog has returned home with his nose, covered with clay, earth, remove the dirt moist, soft cloth.
Sometimes dogs and cold as a consequence of the elementary hypothermia, inhalation of irritating. Nasal passages of dogs are very narrow, they are many folds, so effective medication in the form of aerosol, but aerosols are unpleasant for the dogs, so it’s best to use and children from the cold drops of liquid oil.
Avoid the use of dogs for the treatment of nasal vasoconstrictor agents such as “Sanorin”, “Naphazoline.” This is very dangerous. Thick, greenish nasal discharge, accompanied by the formation of thick crusts and coarsening of the skin nasal mirror, often an indicator of the disease plague. Especially if this observed greenish purulent discharge from the eyes. It is clear that a doctor is needed here. The resulting “brown” can be deleted, their pre-softened mineral oil or glycerin. And the secret of the nasal passages is removed with a tightly twisted wool from the flagella, and moisten them with petroleum jelly or glycerin.

Diseases of Pigs.

All diseases of pigs mainly occur in the warm season – late spring and summer. Most other pigs exposed to the disease erysipelas, or rubella, which mainly captures the pigs aged 4 to 12 months.
Infection faces has the ability to persist very long time in the stalls, or pastures eaten by pigs rubella patients. She persists in box, which had been fertilized with manure of infected animals, and especially – in places where the corpses of the fallen were buried pigs.
Infection caught in the animal’s body produces its destructive effect immediately, is 3 – b, sometimes seven days before starting to show signs of disease. However, the disease, according to latency appears very rapidly. Swine suddenly become very restless: grunt, angrily rushing to stall, it is no longer there. Then they try to be somewhere in a cool dark place, burrow into the straw, where he lay motionless. They have a vomiting eyelids swell greatly, from my eyes flow with tears. After a while the diarrhea begins, at what discharge are extremely smelly and often with blood, and in the meantime on the skin (mainly – on the head, ears, belly) are red spots that become darker, so that white pigs have the same form if they were doused with Burakov kvas. The disease lasts sometimes 2-3, sometimes 3-4 days in most cases ends in death cases. In some cases, the face is a protracted form of the animals are sluggish, take a little food, lose weight, often lie on the chest, coughing. Recovery occurs rarely, in most cases, patients are gradually depleted, and falling. Sometimes this is added to all parts of the necrosis of the affected redness of the skin: The skin in these areas is no longer inflamed and sometimes falls off the ears, tail, etc.
Second, it is extremely contagious disease of pigs, it’s – cholera pigs. It affects mainly pigs and in most cases ends in death. Infection of cholera, based in large quantities of manure and urine of patients with fever, as erysipelas, – a very long time remained in force in damp places. From the beginning of infection until the first signs of the disease is usually 5 – 7 – 10 days. The first signs of cholera are very similar to the symptoms of erysipelas, lethargy, lack of urge to food, vomiting, constipation in the beginning, and then – diarrhea, which is often bloody. The illness usually lasts a little longer than the mug, and death occurs at 5-7 days. It is often the case that an animal is sick two or three weeks, until it comes complete exhaustion. Often, when cholera is a disease of the stomach and intestines (diarrhea) joins another lung disease that is recognized by frequent, painful cough and the expiration of the nose.
Swine fever in most cases occurs very rapidly. Begins abruptly, after a few hours after infection, plague immediately stuns animal, which appears so weak that it staggers when walking, and then formed on the skin red spots, often from the nose and anus, and bleeding occurs in a day, and sometimes even faster, death occurs. In cases where the disease is prolonged in patients with a cough, discharge from the nose, bloody diarrhea.
From the description of these diseases can be seen that by their appearance is extremely difficult to distinguish from one another not only a simple villager, but sometimes the veterinarian. But doctors can pinpoint the disease, making the study of the blood of sick animals. A precise definition of disease is extremely important, as for the treatment of each disease, there are special tools that can be applied by a doctor.
In view of the fact that the recognition of symptoms of the disease is extremely difficult, it should be, whenever in the economy appears “sea pigs” immediately notify the nearest veterinarian.
Treat the same without a doctor infected with erysipelas, plague, cholera or fever – a hopeless task.
Therefore, all the attention in the fight against “swine plague” should be reminded that in order to prevent occurrence of disease or prevent its dissemination. In the first case, you must not let the pigs suspected pastures, where there have been cases of case, do not let strangers walk in the crib and svinarnyam not put in the same room with the newly acquired domoroslymi pigs. At the first disease should immediately separate the healthy and surpass them in some remote area of the patients, give them a good, hearty food, adding to the drinking of hydrochloric acid (spoon in a bucket), do not let them on pasture. Fallen – deeply buried in such places do not go to healthy pigs. But the most correct way to prevent a swine erysipelas vaccine. Carry it should not when the pigs have already started to hurt, but before that, the best-spring. The desire to produce vaccinated pigs must notify their veterinarian well in advance: in early spring. Against cholera and swine fever vaccinations are usually applied already at the beginning of the disease, since they are and healing. In households where there was one of the specified diseases of pigs, it is necessary to produce disease after cessation of thorough cleaning of all rooms, where the sick pigs. Purification (“disinfectant“) is to clean the manure from the stables, and soot (manure is best to burn), ventilation, and then carefully pouring the floor, walls, as well as all subjects were in a stable solution creolin or carbolic acid (one hundred parts of water, three of drugs), or lime-water (30-35 pounds of lime buckets of water) and hot liquor.

Animals in the House

People of different professions and ages much of his free time paid breeding pets. One is a hobby brings joy of communion with nature, others see his team of friends who love to pay to them a touching affection. In most families there are animals in the house at the request of children for whom particularly high cognitive and educational importance of communication with animals. Caring for fish, birds and small animals instills industriousness, punctuality, creative skills, and respect for all living things.

Setting the stage for the animals in the house, the family takes up a lot of concern that require some expenditure of funds, time and effort. Requires some skill, patience, discipline and knowledge of biological features of the animal. Of the more than half a million different species of animals in the home may well exist and be safe for humans, less than 1%. Sometimes people are trying to help those in need wild animals, take them home, so that in some time to release them back to freedom is stronger and healthier. But such altruism can result in disaster – tamed young animals, as adults, can no longer live independently and die. In this case it is better to leave the pet at home or transfer to the pet store, a school of living area, a station of young naturalists.

At present, opportunities for breeding in the home increased significantly: introduced new types of pets, in most major cities of the specialized pet shops are open, amateur associations are created, published a lot of literature.

Among domestic animals the most popular and widespread are exotic fish and other inhabitants of the aquarium. Aquarium – is not only container, a vessel for the content of aquatic organisms, and the specific biological system capable of self-regulation. Is rectangular, cylindrical, round, nodular with truncated apex, etc. Buy an aquarium, as well as his pets in pet stores can. To create a normal environment you need to create at the bottom of the tank bottom (sand, gravel, pebbles, shells), dilute aquatic plants and algae (water sprouts, , kobomba, Ricci uviranda and others), to acquire or produce their own devices for additional light and oxygen saturation of water. The aquarium can live as inhabitants of the local rivers and lakes (bitterling, eel, rudd, tench, gudgeon) as well as various types of exotic fish (Chinese, and calico telescope, the comet, celestial eye, a common goldfish and many others). Buying fish, you should consult the compatibility of different species and their feeding. It is best to refer to the literature.

More and more amateurs home terrarium – space for amphibians and reptiles content, as well as invertebrates and small mammals. However, keeping animals in terrariums little studied and is poorly lit in a special and methodological literature. First of all, must be carefully insulated enclosure to prevent the possibility of leaving his animals and the creation of a specific microclimate: a certain temperature, humidity, etc., Terrarium, usually manufactured without cracks of thick metal wire and a wall of glass (for observation). It can include toads, frogs, newts, snakes, turtles and lizards.

Fun activity is to breed the birds. When deciding to purchase feathered friends, you need to find out if someone is suffering from allergic diseases of family members, as the presence of birds in the house sometimes contributes to their aggravation. Do not rush to buy birds at random people, but before examining the requirements of feeding and caring for feathered refer to the pet store or a section of the amateur poultry. At home, the birds are kept in cages, aviaries or cages. Of the herbivorous birds can live in captivity sparrow grosbeak, finch, linnet, bunting, waxwing, bird, bullfinch, siskin, goldfinch, from insectivorous – lark, robin, common nightingale, singing thrush, nuthatch, starling, wagtail other. The most common is domestic content of exotic birds, especially parrots. They are all herbivorous, and many of them well to imitate human speech and are long-lived (live 50 – 80 years). Among poultry in the territory of Russia, the most common budgerigar, finch rack, parrot, gray parrot, pink cockatoos, and others.

When breeding wild or domestic mammals, in addition to the conditions and feeding, it is necessary to consider a number of ethical and sometimes legal issues. All mammals have well-developed psychic, teachable, trainable, responsive to affection and pain. In this regard, human relationships with them are governed by a number of legal acts: the rules of detention, transportation, quarantine, the decrees of the responsibility for cruelty to animals, etc. But there are unwritten laws of kindness and humanity. Therefore, to decide on the content of the mammals in the house should be, considering its capabilities and features of the animal.

From wild animals at home can live successfully protein, hedgehog, loir, hamster (Syrian or Central Asian).

Of the 300 breeds of dogs in the home would be best to include decorative. This variety of poodles, terriers, as well as Western and Oriental decorative dog (Maltese lap dog, or french, dwarf Pinscher, Pug, French Bulldog, Japanese Chin, Pekingese, and others).The plant in the house dog of any breed, it must be remembered that it is not a toy, but above all else and demands appropriate attention. Dog – the most loyal, selfless, forgiving, and understanding to each lot. Quite a few pleasant minutes delivers the contents of the house and different types of cats. They, like dogs, are the most common domestic mammals.

Any pets in the house – is not only worries and troubles, but above all it is an immeasurable joy of living creatures, with a part of nature.

Leukemia Virus in Cats.

Feline Leukemia Virus (WFC, FeLV, or from the English. Feline leukemia virus) – this is a well-known killer. FeLV weakens the immune system and also has a direct impact on the development of cancer in infected cats. This disease is considered the most dangerous infection in cats, resulting in death.
Although there is a vaccine against this deadly disease, they do not always give a positive result. As in the case of FIV, the best way to protect your cat from leukemia – to do the appropriate tests and to protect it from infected animals. Ideally, this means to keep her indoors only, one or the other, also non-infected cats.
Do tests to all new cats or kittens before bringing them into his house, where there are other cats. (Prior to vaccinate an animal, at first he in any case, do an analysis on the FeLV.) Your cats should also make the tests again after they have been in contact with potential carriers of FeLV, especially if your cat is bitten. Symptoms vary FeLV, so sick cat should be tested for FeLV. Cats walking on the street, or those who have been in contact with potential carriers of FeLV, testing should be done annually.
Most vets do a combined analysis for FIV and FeLV, which allows to determine the presence of both of these viral diseases with one blood sampling.
FeLV – this is very serious. Do not allow yourself to succumb to self-pity and take home a cat, she is not making pre-analysis on FeLV, especially if you are already living in the house of other cats. By doing so, you may be putting at risk the lives of their pet cats. But if it did happen and you find that allowed their contact with domestic cats FeLV-infected animals, do not panic. Isolate from infected their cats and take them to tests in accordance with the instructions of a veterinarian. After a contact transmission can not occur. Sometimes it takes a long time and repeated contact. So hope for the best and avoid further contact.
But what if analysis on your cat has FeLV was positive? The first thing you must understand that being a carrier of the virus does not mean to be sick. Some, in other respects healthy cats with a positive response to FeLV, live for months or even years without any symptoms of the disease. If an infected cat is the only thing your pet, the following guidelines. First, do not let her out, she was unable to infect other cats, as well as pick up any infections from them. Second, spend all the necessary preventive measures, the cat is not sick with something else, and collaborate with your veterinarian to diagnose and cure time associated with any FeLV disease that can develop in cats.
Most often the disease occurs in the form of lymphosarcoma, in particular the thymus. At the same time by progressive atrophy of the thymus and increases immunosuppression, neutropenia is detected. Sometimes the disease is in the form of myeloid leukemia. Sick cats are particularly susceptible to the virus to others, as well as to bacterial and fungal infections.
Symptoms. Cat exhausted, say fever, anorexia, lethargy, pallor of mucous membranes, glossitis, stomatitis, frequent breast cancer, glomerulonephritis, skin disease (demodicosis, sarcoptic mange), secondary infection. Signs of immune deficiency anemia, decreased hematocrit, atrophy of the thymus, and lymph nodes.

There are several options of the disease:
approximately 30% of the body produces antibodies, and the animal overcomes the viral infection;
40% of asymptomatic carriage is possible FeLV – these cats are the most dangerous source of infection of other cats, but eventually most of them due to the progressive destruction of immune system is developing one of the diseases peculiar to leukemia virus;
30% – a viral infection leads to severe neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid organs (lymphoma, lymphosarcoma).
In the diagnosis of particular importance is the identification of serum viral antigen p27 by using solid-phase enzyme immunoassay method (ELISA) and immunofluorescence analysis. According to recent data, a crucial role in determining the outcome of FeLV-infection in vaccinated cats or animals recovering from illness, acquired in a natural way to play a FeLV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
In contrast to FIV, FeLV virus can be defeated by the immune system of many cats. It is therefore important in two to three months after receiving (and confirmation) of a positive analysis for FeLV do retested.